8 Furnace Safety Tips for Homeowners

October 21, 2024

According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), heating equipment is the second leading cause of house fires in the U.S., with over 50,000 fires reported annually. 

Even more concerning, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that carbon monoxide poisoning causes more than 400 deaths each year, many of which are linked to malfunctioning heating systems.

With this in mind, furnace safety should be a top priority for every homeowner. In this article, we’ll cover essential furnace safety tips that will help you protect your home, ensure your system operates efficiently, and avoid costly repairs. 

Following these simple yet effective precautions can save lives, reduce energy costs, and keep your home warm and safe throughout the winter months.

Table of Contents

Schedule Regular Furnace Inspections

One of the most critical steps in maintaining furnace safety is scheduling an annual inspection with a licensed HVAC professional. Regular furnace inspections are essential to catching problems before they become serious safety concerns. By ensuring your system is in good working order, you not only extend its lifespan but also improve energy efficiency and reduce the risk of breakdowns.

What Does a Professional Furnace Inspection Include?

During a professional inspection, an HVAC technician will perform several key tasks:

  • Heat Exchanger Check: The heat exchanger is crucial for containing combustion gases. Cracks or leaks in this component can lead to carbon monoxide leaks, which are hazardous to your health.
  • Burner and Flame Sensor Inspection: The burner assembly and flame sensor must be clean and functioning correctly to ensure efficient and safe operation.
  • Blower Motor Check: The blower motor ensures proper airflow. A malfunctioning blower can lead to overheating or inefficient performance.
  • Thermostat Calibration: Ensuring the thermostat is accurately reading and responding to temperature settings is vital for comfort and energy efficiency.
  • Ventilation System Inspection: Blocked or damaged flue pipes and vents can cause dangerous carbon monoxide to back up into your home.

A professional inspection might cost between $80 and $150 depending on your location, but the peace of mind and long-term savings on potential repairs make it a worthwhile investment.

DIY Maintenance vs. Professional Inspections

While certain furnace maintenance tasks can be done by homeowners (like changing filters), many inspections should be left to professionals due to the complexity and safety risks involved. 

For instance, checking for heat exchanger cracks or gas leaks requires specialized knowledge and equipment. Skipping or delaying professional inspections can lead to unnoticed issues that may compromise your safety and result in expensive repairs down the road.

Change the Filter Regularly

Furnace filters play a crucial role in ensuring proper airflow and maintaining indoor air quality. When the filter becomes clogged with dust, dirt, and debris, it restricts airflow, causing the furnace to overheat and operate inefficiently. 

Worse yet, dirty filters can recirculate allergens and contaminants back into your home, degrading air quality and aggravating respiratory issues.

How Often Should You Change the Filter?

The frequency of changing your furnace filter depends on several factors:

  • Filter Type: Basic fiberglass filters should be replaced every 1-2 months, while high-efficiency pleated filters can last 3-6 months.
  • Home Environment: Homes with pets, smokers, or residents with allergies may require more frequent filter changes due to increased debris in the air.
  • Furnace Usage: If you run your furnace frequently during the winter, you’ll need to check and replace the filter more often to ensure optimal performance.

Types of Filters

Choosing the right filter for your furnace is important for both performance and safety:

  • Fiberglass Filters: These are the most affordable but also the least effective in trapping small particles. They need to be replaced more often.
  • Pleated Filters: More expensive but far more effective at capturing dust, allergens, and even mold spores, pleated filters are a good option for improving indoor air quality.
  • HEPA Filters: The gold standard for air filtration, HEPA filters can trap 99.97% of airborne particles. However, not all furnaces are compatible with HEPA filters, so consult with an HVAC professional before using one.

Environmental Impact

If you’re environmentally conscious, consider using reusable and washable filters. These filters can be cleaned and reused several times, reducing waste and saving you money over time. Just be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning to ensure the filter remains effective.

Consequences of Neglecting Filter Changes

Neglecting to change the filter regularly can cause:

  • Overheating: When airflow is restricted, the furnace has to work harder, which can lead to overheating and even system failure.
  • Higher Energy Bills: A dirty filter forces your furnace to work harder, increasing energy consumption and driving up your utility costs.
  • Reduced Lifespan: Constant strain on the furnace due to blocked airflow can reduce its lifespan, leading to costly repairs or replacement sooner than expected.

Install Carbon Monoxide Detectors

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas that can be deadly if it builds up in your home. Faulty furnaces are one of the leading causes of CO poisoning, which is why installing carbon monoxide detectors is a non-negotiable safety measure.

Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Early symptoms of CO poisoning can be easily mistaken for the flu, which is why detection is critical:

  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Shortness of breath
  • Confusion

If these symptoms suddenly appear when the furnace is running, evacuate your home immediately and seek medical attention.

Where to Place CO Detectors

To ensure maximum protection, install carbon monoxide detectors:

  • On every level of your home, especially near sleeping areas.
  • Near the furnace and other gas-powered appliances, like water heaters.
  • At least 15 feet away from combustion appliances to prevent false alarms.

Testing and Maintaining CO Detectors

Carbon monoxide detectors should be tested monthly, and their batteries should be replaced every six months. If you have hardwired detectors, ensure that they have a battery backup in case of power outages. 

Additionally, consider upgrading to smart CO detectors, which can send alerts to your phone when dangerous levels of carbon monoxide are detected.

Many states now have laws requiring the installation of carbon monoxide detectors in homes. Be sure to check your local regulations to ensure compliance and avoid potential fines. Adhering to these regulations not only protects your family but can also provide benefits like reduced insurance premiums.

Keep Combustible Items Away from the Furnace

The area around your furnace should be clear of all combustible materials to prevent fire hazards. Items like paper, cleaning products, gasoline, and paint should never be stored near the furnace, as they can easily ignite if exposed to heat or a spark.

Safe Storage Practices

To create a safe environment around your furnace:

  • Maintain at least a three-foot clearance around the furnace.
  • Store combustible materials in fireproof containers or cabinets, preferably in a different room.
  • Avoid placing laundry, tools, or seasonal items too close to the furnace.

Ensure Proper Ventilation

Adequate ventilation is essential for your furnace to function safely and efficiently. Blocked vents or improper airflow can lead to incomplete combustion, which increases the risk of carbon monoxide buildup.

How to Check Ventilation

Regularly inspect your furnace vents and flue pipes to ensure they are clear of:

  • Debris: Leaves, dirt, and animal nests can block exterior vents.
  • Snow or Ice: In colder climates, snow and ice can accumulate around exterior vents, preventing proper airflow.
  • Furniture: Ensure that indoor return air vents are not obstructed by furniture, rugs, or curtains.

How Poor Ventilation Affects Your Furnace

Poor ventilation can cause:

  • Incomplete Combustion: This can lead to a dangerous buildup of carbon monoxide.
  • Overheating: Restricted airflow can cause the furnace to overheat, leading to shutdowns or damage.
  • Increased Wear and Tear: Your furnace will have to work harder to pull in enough air, reducing its lifespan and efficiency.

Listen for Strange Noises

Your furnace should operate quietly with a consistent hum. If you hear unusual noises, it may indicate that something is wrong. Addressing these noises early can prevent more serious issues from developing.

Types of Noises and What They Mean

  • Banging: This often indicates an issue with the ductwork or a delayed ignition in the burner.
  • Squealing: A high-pitched squeal may mean that the blower motor or belt needs lubrication or replacement.
  • Rattling: Loose panels or parts can cause rattling. If you hear this noise, turn off the furnace and check for loose components.
  • Grinding: Grinding noises are usually a sign that the motor bearings are worn out and need immediate attention.

When to Call a Professional

If you hear persistent or loud noises, it’s best to call an HVAC technician. While some minor noises may be fixable on your own (such as tightening a loose panel), more serious issues like motor failure or ignition problems should be addressed by a professional to ensure safety and prevent further damage.

Test the Thermostat for Proper Functionality

The thermostat controls the furnace and ensures that it maintains the correct temperature in your home. If the thermostat is malfunctioning, the furnace may overheat or fail to provide adequate heat.

How to Test Your Thermostat

  • Calibration: Set the thermostat to a specific temperature and see if the furnace responds appropriately. If the room feels significantly colder or hotter than the set temperature, the thermostat may need recalibration.
  • Battery Check: If your thermostat uses batteries, replace them regularly to ensure consistent performance.
  • Location Matters: If the thermostat is located near heat sources (like a kitchen or sunny window), it may give inaccurate readings. Relocate the thermostat to a central area for better accuracy.

Benefits of Smart Thermostats

Consider upgrading to a smart thermostat. These devices offer greater control over your heating system and can help you save energy by automatically adjusting the temperature when you’re away from home. Some smart thermostats even offer diagnostic features that alert you to furnace issues before they become serious problems.

Check for Gas Leaks

Natural gas furnaces can develop leaks, which pose a serious safety risk. If you ever detect a rotten egg smell, this is an indicator of a gas leak.

How to Respond to a Gas Leak

  • Evacuate Immediately: Leave the house and contact your gas company or emergency services from a safe distance.
  • Avoid Using Electronics: Do not flip switches, use phones, or create any sparks that could ignite the gas.
  • Turn Off the Gas Supply: If you know how, and it is safe to do so, turn off the gas supply to the furnace.

Preventing Gas Leaks

Regular inspections by a licensed HVAC technician can help prevent gas leaks. They will check for loose connections, faulty valves, and worn-out components that could cause leaks.

Conclusion

Furnace safety is an essential part of maintaining a healthy, comfortable, and secure home environment. By following the tips outlined in this guide—scheduling regular inspections, changing filters, installing carbon monoxide detectors, and ensuring proper ventilation—you can keep your furnace running efficiently while minimizing risks. 

Remember, proactive maintenance not only protects your family but also helps you avoid costly repairs and extend the lifespan of your heating system.

Taking these steps today can save you from unexpected breakdowns, safety hazards, and inefficient operation. Stay warm, stay safe, and keep your furnace in top shape!

FAQs

Is it safe to run a furnace all night?
Yes, as long as your furnace is properly maintained and has no known safety issues. Be sure your carbon monoxide detectors are functioning in case of an emergency.

What is the most common reason a furnace stops working?
A clogged filter is the most common reason for furnace failure. A dirty filter restricts airflow, causing the system to overheat and shut down.

Why is my furnace making a loud banging noise?
A loud banging noise may indicate a delayed ignition, ductwork expansion, or a dirty burner. It’s important to have this checked by a professional to avoid further damage.

What should I do if my carbon monoxide detector goes off?
Evacuate your home immediately and call emergency services. Do not re-enter the home until it has been cleared as safe.

How long does a furnace typically last?
The average furnace lasts 15-20 years, but this can vary depending on maintenance and usage. Regular servicing can extend its lifespan.

Sources

Additional Furnace Resources